DIAMOND JUBILEE

On June 2nd, ESO 32 and 43 students celebrated Queen Elizabeth´s Diamond Jubilee. They made a  "street party" and prepared a selection of tasty English sandwiches (Cucumber,Pilchard,Cheddar Cheese,Tuna,Egg Crest sandwiches), which they ate in no time!. It was a great experience! We had decorated Edu´s bar with drawings and English flags. Everybody was dressed in blue, red and white and you can tell from the photographs we really had a great time. Thanks kids...you really are THE BEST!  Oopps! I almost forgot...Long Live the Queen!

BRINGING ART INTO LIFE

Students from Bachillerato brought some masterpieces into life on May 10th. This was part of their project on Realism and the nineteenth century. They studied the works of art and showed how the artists portrayed the society of their times. Pupils really got into it and enjoyed the experience! We will try to improve it for next year. Here are some examples:

The Angelus (1857-59)
Jean F. Millet
Museum D´Orsay, Paris.

The Stonecutters (1849)
Gustave Courbet
Gemäldegalerie, Dresde

The third-class wagon (1862)
Honoré Daumier

Thanks to you all for your collaboration! Many thanks to Rafael Muñoz for his enthusiasm and hard work.

VICTORIAN DAY

On May 2nd, students from ESO41 and 43 celebrated a Victorian day at school. ESO 41 students showed in their powerpoints how much they have learnt about this topic. They dealt with all the points that appear below on this blog. ESO 43 pupils dressed up following the Victorian fashion, We all had a great time!

CHARLES DICKENS AND THE VICTORIAN AGE

                                         THE   VICTORIAN   AGE

         

          In 1897 Mark Twain was visiting London during the Diamond Jubilee celebrations honoring the sixtieth anniversary of Queen Victoria's coming to the throne. "British history is two thousand years old," Twain observed, "and yet in a good many ways the world has moved farther ahead since the Queen was born than it moved in all the rest of the two thousand put together." Twain's comment captures the sense of dizzying change that characterized the Victorian period. Perhaps most important was the shift from a way of life based on ownership of land to a modern urban economy based on trade and manufacturing. By the beginning of the Victorian period, the Industrial Revolution, as this shift was called, had created profound economic and social changes, including a mass migration of workers to industrial towns, where they lived in new urban slums. But the changes arising out of the Industrial Revolution were just one subset of the radical changes taking place in mid- and late-nineteenth-century Britain — among others were the democratization resulting from extension of the franchise; challenges to religious faith, in part based on the advances of scientific knowledge, particularly of evolution; and changes in the role of women.

All of these issues, and the controversies attending them, informed Victorian literature. In part because of the expansion of newspapers and the periodical press, debate about political and social issues played an important role in the experience of the reading public. The Victorian novel, with its emphasis on the realistic portrayal of social life, represented many Victorian issues in the stories of its characters. Moreover, debates about political representation involved in expansion both of the franchise and of the rights of women affected literary representation, as writers gave voice to those who had been voiceless.

QUEEN VICTORIA

QUEEN VICTORIA

Victoria became queen in 1837 at the age of eighteen and ruled for 64 years, longer than any other British Monarch, giving her name to the Victorian Age. The British loved her because she was an intelligent, dedicated and responsible queen, who was interested in all aspects of British life. Queen Victoria married Prince Albert, her great love, and was a devoted wife and mother of nine children. Family values and morality were extremely important to Victoria and Albert, and they were able to set an example which the people followed. When Victoria died, in 1901, the nation mourned the loss of a popular and respected queen.

BRITISH EMPIRE

The British Empire became the largest empire in the world, covering one fifth of the earth´s land surface, with a population of about 370 million people. Queen Victoria ruled over Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, Burma, large parts of Africa, Singapore, Malaysia, parts of Indonesia, Borneo and New Guinea. The British Empire created trade and wealth for millions of people, although there were rebellions against British rule in the colonies, such as the Indian Mutiny of 1857. During the 1850s British soldiers fought in the Crimean War on the Black Sea, which was the first war to be photographed.

THE ARTS

VICTORIAN PAINTING.

The second half of the 19th century has been called the positivist age and  one of the most fascinating periods in British history. It has been an age of faith in the positive consequences of what can be achieved through the close observation of the natural and human realms.

   The spirit of 19th century England could be personified through Queen Victoria and it's known as the Victorian era. It is covering the eclectic period of 64-year reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901. British Empire became the most powerful, and England the most modern, and wealthy country in the World.

   The faith that science and its objective methods could solve all human problems was not novel. The idea of human progress had been gradually maturing. The world was truly progressing at break-neck speed, with new inventions, ideas, and advancements - scientific, literary, and social - developing. The middle class became self-made men and women who reaped of profits. Prosperity brought a large number of art consumers, with money to spend on art.

   When most people think of the Victorian era, high fashion, gilded age, rich with elegance, splendor, and romance, strict etiquette, and plush or eclectic decorating styles come to mind - but it was so much more than that. Victorian era covers Classicism, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Impressionism, and Post-Impressionism. Classicism, with the accurate and apparently objective description of the ordinary, observable world, was specially viewed as the opposite of Romanticism. Paintings of the Romantic school were focused on spontaneous expression of emotion over reason and often depicted dramatic events in brilliant color. Impressionism, a school of painting that developed in the late 19th century, was characterized by transitory visual expressions that focused on the changing effects of light and color. Post-Impressionism was developed as a reaction to the limitations of Impressionism. Victorian art was shown in the full range of artistic developments, from the development of photography to the application of new technologies in architecture.

   In the midst of these artistic movements, painters Dante Rossetti and William Holman Hunt formed the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in 1848. The avant-garde artists banded together with the common vision of recapturing the style of painting that preceded Raphael, famed artist of the Italian Renaissance. The brotherhood rejected the conventions of industrialized England, especially the creative principles of art instruction at the Royal Academy. Rather, the artists focused on painting directly from nature, thereby producing colorful, detailed, and almost photographic representations.

The painters sought to transform Realism with typological symbolism, by drawing on the poetry and literature of William Shakespeare and their own contemporaries.

MAIN REPRESENTATIVES

• Dante Rossetti.
• William Holman Hunt
• Sir John Everett Millais.
• Arthur Hughes
• John William Waterhouse
• Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema

 

The Lady of Shalott (1892) by John William Waterhouse

 

Ophelia (1852) by Sir John Everett Millais

                   Las rosas de Heliogábalo (1888) by Sir Lawrence Alma- Tadema

 

VICTORIAN LITERATURE

It is the literature produced during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901) (the Victorian era). It forms a link and transition between the writers of the romantic period and the very different literature of the 20th century. Along with romance novels, there were many horror novels written as well.

Victorian novels tend to be idealized portraits of difficult lives in which hard work, perseverance, love and luck win out in the end; virtue would be rewarded and wrongdoers are suitably punished. They tended to be of an improving nature with a central moral lesson at heart. While this formula was the basis for much of earlier Victorian fiction, the situation became more complex as the century progressed.

THE MOST IMPORTANT VICTORIAN NOVELISTS.

Charles Dickens is a prime exemplar of Victorian novelist. Extraordinarily popular in his day with his characters taking on a life of their own beyond the page, Dickens is still one of the most popular and read authors of that time. His first real novel, The Pickwick Papers, written at only twenty-five, was an overnight success, and all his subsequent works sold extremely well. He worked diligently and prolifically to produce entertaining writing the public wanted, but also to offer commentary on social challenges of the era. The comedy of his first novel has a satirical edge which pervades his writings. These deal with the plight of the poor and oppressed and end with a ghost story cut short by his death. The slow trend in his fiction towards darker themes is mirrored in much of the writing of the century, and literature after his death in 1870 is notably different from that at the start of the era.

William Thackeray was Dickens's great rival at the time. With a similar style but a slightly more detached, acerbic and barbed satirical view of his characters, he also tended to depict situations of a more middle class flavour than Dickens. He is best known for his novel Vanity Fair, subtitled A Novel without a Hero, which is also an example of a form popular in Victorian literature: the historical novel, in which very recent history is depicted. Anthony Trollope tended to write about a slightly different part of the structure, namely the landowning and professional classes.

 

The Brontë sisters wrote fiction rather different from that common at the time.

Away from the big cities and the literary society, Haworth in West Yorkshire held a powerhouse of novel writing: the home of the Brontë family. Anne, Charlotte and Emily Brontë had time in their short lives to produce masterpieces of fiction although these were not immediately appreciated by Victorian critics. Wuthering Heights, Emily's only work, in particular has violence, passion, the supernatural, heightened emotion and emotional distance, an unusual mix for any novel but particularly at this time. It is a prime example of Gothic Romanticism from a woman's point of view during this period of time, examining class, myth, and gender. Another important writer of the period was George Eliot, a pseudonym which concealed a woman, Mary Ann Evans, who wished to write novels which would be taken seriously rather than the romances which women of the time were supposed to write.

OTHER VERY IMPORTANT NAMES YOU MAY WANT TO INVESTIGATE

• Alfred Lord Tennyson.
• Elizabeth Barret Browning.
• Robert Browning.
• George Bernard Shaw.
• Oscar Wilde.
• Robert Louis Stevenson.
• Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
• Bram Stoker.
• Sir Walter Scott.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1. FACTORY WORK INCREASED.

2. PEOPLE MOVED IN GREAT NUMBERS FROM THE COUNTRY TO WORK IN THE TOWNS.

3. MORE PEOPLE MEANT MORE HOUSES

4. BUILDERS COULD NOT KEEP UP WITH THIS DEMAND.

5. INSTEAD OF BECOMING HOMELESS, POOR PEOPLE SHARED THEIR HOUSES WITH MANY OTHERS

6. THIS LED TO SERIOUS OVERCROWDING

7. YOUR HOME HAD TO BE NEAR TO YOUR PLACE OF WORK

8. MANY HOUSES WERE NEAR TO FOUL-SMELLING CANALS, RIVERS, RAILWAY-LINES,SMOKING FACTORY CHIMNEYS AND EVEN SEWERS.

9. YOU HAD AN UNHEALTHY LIFE

10. YOU HAD AN EARLY DEATH!

INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS

The first national postal system was introduced in 1840 and was known as the Penny Post because it cost one penny to send a letter anywhere in Great Britain. Communication was completely transformed with the invention of the telegraph and the telephone. The invention of the railway revolutionized travel and transportation- industries and farms were able to transport their goods to all parts of the country. Thanks to the railway

Victorians started going on day trips and taking holidays at the seaside. Sailing ships were gradually replaced by steamships, making ocean travel faster.

Rain, Steam and Speed (1844) by Joseph W. Turner

The train symbolized modernity in Victorian times, the invention of the steam train meant that travel was now much faster. The new sensation of speed was expressed brilliantly by Joseph W. Turner in his painting Rain, Steam and Speed. Considered by some to be the greatest English artist, Turner was an expert at capturing light, which becomes the protagonist of his paintings.

Instead of the details of the train and carriages we see a mass of golden colours. Turner shows the train racing through the rain and cloud of steam, emphasizing the feeling of speed. The artist was fascinated by machines, factories and steamships, the inspiration for his most poetic works. For this reason Turner was an exception in the Victorian Age, many others painted trains, but they were mostly shown standing at stations surrounded by group portraits of Victorian society.

The Inauguration of the Great Exhibition, 1 May 1851 (1852-4)by David Roberts.

During Victorian times, Britain became more prosperous than any other nation. The growth of the iron, steel and textile industries meant there were now great numbers of mass-produced goods to be sold in Britain, Europe and the Colonies. One of the best ways of publicizing new goods was to show them at one of the Universal Expositions, the most famous of which was the Great Exhibition, held in London´s Hyde Park in 1851. It attracted 7,000 exhibitors from Britain, 6,000 from other countries, and over 6 million visitors.

This painting shows the Queen and her husband on a visit to the Exhibition. It is a highly detailed record of the event, which the royals checked several times to make sure it was true to life. The Exhibition was held in the Crystal Palace, a spectacular new building made of sheets of glass in a cast iron framework designed by Joseph Paxton. The architect built the structure around the huge trees of the park to save them from being cut down. Crystal Palace, which was taken and moved to a new site after the Exhibition, was the first great building to be made from glass and a metal frame. The building opened a new era in architecture.

SOCIAL PROBLEMS

By the middle of the XIXth century, more British people lived in towns and cities than in the countryside, as many people went to towns and cities to find jobs. Cities were crowded, dirty and polluted, and the poor lived in small, squalid, dark houses. In the houses of the poor, there were no bathrooms or running water, and diseases such as cholera, typhus and tuberculosis were widespread.

The rich and the middle and upper classes went to live in the suburbs where the air was clean. Their homes were spacious and comfortable, with lovely gardens, hot water systems , toilets and gas lighting.

During the Victorian Age working conditions in the factories and coal mines were inhuman. Charles Dickens wrote about social injustice and poverty in his unforgettable novels which awakened the public conscience.

The Victorians improved life a little from the bad days of the early 1800s.The 1833 Factory Act cut the working day to only ten hours if you were under 18 years old –and only 48 hours a week if you were under 18 years old. Government reforms were slowly introduced and in the 1870 the Education Act made primary education compulsory for all children between the ages of five and ten. The problem was there were usually no schools for them to attend. However, the terrible problem of child labour remained. Workhouses had been introduced for the poor by the Poor Law Act of 1834. Conditions in the workhouses were terrible, families were separated, food was poor and the work hard and boring. To have to go to the workhouse was the nightmare of the poor. Many poor people emigrated to America to find a better life.

Applicants for Admission to a Casual Ward (1874) by Sir Luke Fildes.

Artists did not begin to show the reality of Victorian poverty until the 1870s. Before this, the members of the “lower” classes were only painted if they were considered “picturesque”. Fildes was one of the first artists to show social problems in his work. In this painting, the homeless of London are shown waiting for a bed in a shelter on a cold winter´s night. The men ,women and children are painted in realistic detail, and we can imagine how cold they must have felt.

VICTORIAN FACTORY WORK. True or False?

1. There was to be no breathing between the the hours of 9. a.m. and 5 p.m.

2. There was a fine for whistling or singing while you work.

3.Start work at 6 a.m. but no breakfast until 8 a.m.

4.There was a rule against losing fingers in the machinery.

5. There was a fine for talking with anyone outside your own line of work.

6. Anyone dying at work would be sacked on the spot.

7. The managers would alter the clocks so you´d be late for work. Then they´d fine you for your lateness.

8. No young children to be brought by parents into the factory.

9. “Mould runners”-child workers in the Midland potteries- worked for 12 hours in temperatures of 35-40ºC.

10. Boy labourers worked for chainsmiths and used huge hammers. This gave them powerful ,muscular bodies.

CHILD LABOUR IN VICTORIAN TIMES

CHILD LABOUR IN VICTORIAN TIMES

Home life was not easy. With parents and elder brothers and sisters at work for most of the day, you could find yourself left at home to care for toddlers and babies. If you were not lucky enough to find work as a servant, or in the mines or factories, you could find other ways to earn your living. Which one would you prefer?

CHIMNEY SWEEPING

This was a popular job for young boys and girls, who were chosen for their size and agility. Life was cruel and conditions were worse. Working in hot, dark and cramped conditions was very hard and tiring. Children often scraped their elbows and knees as they climbed up inside the chimneys. One sweep said…

“ No one knows the cruelty they undergo in learning. The flesh must be hardened. This is done by rubbing it, chiefly on the elbows and the knees, with the strongest brine (salt water) close by a hot fire. You must stand over them with a cane …”

If a worker was found sleeping on the job, or if by his own misfortune he became stuck in the chimney, his master would light a fire beneath him!

RIBBON MAKING

You may think that making ribbons for the hair and dresses of ladies was a pleasant, gentle occupation. Think again!

“Three hundred boys were employed in turning hand looms. The endless whirl had such a bad effect on the head and the stomach that the little turners often suffered in the brain and the spinal chord and some died of it. In one mill near Cork six deaths and sixty mutilations have occurred in four years”.

Victorian Observer

A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A PARLOUR MAID

A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A PARLOUR MAID.

You often complain you have lots of homework. Would you prefer this job?

MORNING TAKS

6.00 Get out of bed, wash, dress, brush hair into a bun.

6.30 Go downstairs. Put the kettle on. Pull up blinds, open windows, clean fireplaces.

7.00 Make early tea and take it to master and mistress.

7.30 Sweep the dining room and dust. Lay the table for breakfast.

8.00 Serve breakfast.

8.30 Go upstairs, strip the beds, open the bedroom windows, have own breakfast.

9.00 Clear breakfast table, wash up, put on clean apron, make the beds, clean the taps, wash the baths and bathroom floors, clean the toilets, dust every bedroom.

12.00 Change dress to serve lunch; lay the lunch table, serve the lunch, clear the table, wash up all the glass and silver, put everything away in its place.

13:00 Clean the pantry sink and floor, eat own lunch.

AFTERNOON TASKS

14.00-18.00

Monday: Help with laundry, wash brushes and combs, clear out pantry.

Tuesday: Clear out dining room, clean windows, clean fireplaces.

Wednesday: Clear out a bedroom and a dressing room.

Thursday: Clean all the silver cutlery, plates and ornaments.

Friday: Clean toilets, passage, stairs and hall.

Saturday: Clean out servant´s bedrooms.

Sunday: Afternoon off

EVENING TASKS

6.00 Lay the table for dinner.

7.00 Serve dinner and wait at table

8.30 Clear dinner table, wash up.

10.00 Eat own supper, wash up.

10.30 Go to bed.

The next day would be exactly the same. You would be paid nearly six pounds a year! Fancy that?

 

FIVE RULES FOR SERVANTS

1. NO FOLLOWERS. That is to say, no boyfriends for the maidservants. The mistress of the house didn´t want strange men hanging around and she didn´t want anyone getting married so she lost their services just as she had got them fully trained.

2. NO DISHONESTY. A common trick was for the mistress to hide a coin under a carpet. If the servant didn´t find the coin then she hadn´t done the sweeping properly- she´d be sacked; if she found the coin and kept it then, she would be sacked for dishonesty!

3. WEAR A UNIFORM. Men had to wear dark suits or evening dress; women had to buy or make a cotton dress for morning wear and a black wool dress with a white cap and apron for the afternoons.

4. STAY INVISIBLE. Servants were to keep out of the way as much as possible; if a lady or gentleman of the house appeared, they had to stand aside to let them pass.

5. STAY FIT. A sick servant cost money to keep fed and housed. The ill or the very old would be dismissed to make room for a fitter or younger person.

So, life as a servant was hard but at least the work wasn´t specially dangerous. Life in the coal mines or the factories could be positively deadly.

VICTORIAN EDUCATION

In 1870 the Education Bill was passed. The aim was...to bring education within the reach of every English home, aye, and within the reach of those children who have no homes.
However, not many poor children could attend classes since most of them worked very hard to earn their living. Besides, if you think school is bad today, you should have gone to school in the 19 th century!
Here you have four punishments Victorian pupils suffered. Which one would you prefer?
1. Kneeling
2. The strap
3. The punishment book
4. The cane

TO KNOW MORE ABOUT THIS TOPIC

FUN AND GAMES RELATED TO THE VICTORIAN AGE.

http://logicmgmt.com/1876/splash.htm

http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/en/keys/games/17

http://www.channel4.com/learning/microsites/Q/qca/victorians/

http:/home.freeuk.net/elloughton13/vicintro.htm

http:/www.victorians.org.uk/

http://www.victorianweb.org/

http:/www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/victorian_britain/